2.4.2. Linux 09.02.00 Performance Guide

Read This First

All performance numbers provided in this document are gathered using following Evaluation Modules unless otherwise specified.

Name

Description

AM62x SK

AM62x Starter Kit rev E2 and E3 with ARM running at 1.4GHz, DDR data rate 1600 MT/S

AM62x LP SK

AM62x LP Starter Kit rev E1 with ARM running at 1.25GHz, LPDDR4 data rate 1600 MT/S

AM62SIP SK

AM62SIP Starter Kit rev E1 with ARM running at 1.4GHz, 512MB LPDDR4 data rate 1600 MT/S

Table: Evaluation Modules

About This Manual

This document provides performance data for each of the device drivers which are part of the Processor SDK Linux package. This document should be used in conjunction with release notes and user guides provided with the Processor SDK Linux package for information on specific issues present with drivers included in a particular release.

If You Need Assistance

For further information or to report any problems, contact http://e2e.ti.com/ or http://support.ti.com/

2.4.2.1. System Benchmarks

2.4.2.1.1. LMBench

LMBench is a collection of microbenchmarks of which the memory bandwidth and latency related ones are typically used to estimate processor memory system performance. More information about lmbench at http://lmbench.sourceforge.net/whatis_lmbench.html and http://lmbench.sourceforge.net/man/lmbench.8.html

Latency: lat_mem_rd-stride128-szN, where N is equal to or smaller than the cache size at given level measures the cache miss penalty. N that is at least double the size of last level cache is the latency to external memory.

Bandwidth: bw_mem_bcopy-N, where N is equal to or smaller than the cache size at a given level measures the achievable memory bandwidth from software doing a memcpy() type operation. Typical use is for external memory bandwidth calculation. The bandwidth is calculated as byte read and written counts as 1 which should be roughly half of STREAM copy result.

Execute the LMBench with the following:

cd /opt/ltp
./runltp -P j721e-idk-gw -f ddt/lmbench -s LMBENCH_L_PERF_0001
Table 2.1 LMBench Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

af_unix_sock_stream_latency (microsec)

25.35

22.15

24.22

af_unix_socket_stream_bandwidth (MBs)

590.14

636.97

756.44

bw_file_rd-io-1mb (MB/s)

825.49

875.81

868.96

bw_file_rd-o2c-1mb (MB/s)

486.78

524.66

492.13

bw_mem-bcopy-16mb (MB/s)

702.37

762.52

736.41

bw_mem-bcopy-1mb (MB/s)

736.51

786.91

750.33

bw_mem-bcopy-2mb (MB/s)

702.12

761.81

735.29

bw_mem-bcopy-4mb (MB/s)

730.99

784.01

712.25

bw_mem-bcopy-8mb (MB/s)

750.40

806.86

734.08

bw_mem-bzero-16mb (MB/s)

1771.68

1750.16

1749.97

bw_mem-bzero-1mb (MB/s)

1253.06 (min 736.51, max 1769.60)

1262.42 (min 786.91, max 1737.92)

1237.24 (min 750.33, max 1724.14)

bw_mem-bzero-2mb (MB/s)

1234.45 (min 702.12, max 1766.78)

1248.06 (min 761.81, max 1734.30)

1230.61 (min 735.29, max 1725.92)

bw_mem-bzero-4mb (MB/s)

1249.93 (min 730.99, max 1768.87)

1261.19 (min 784.01, max 1738.37)

1218.82 (min 712.25, max 1725.38)

bw_mem-bzero-8mb (MB/s)

1272.67 (min 750.40, max 1794.93)

1284.10 (min 806.86, max 1761.34)

1243.27 (min 734.08, max 1752.46)

bw_mem-cp-16mb (MB/s)

407.63

450.35

432.04

bw_mem-cp-1mb (MB/s)

524.79 (min 392.77, max 656.81)

591.78 (min 437.70, max 745.85)

541.69 (min 413.91, max 669.46)

bw_mem-cp-2mb (MB/s)

496.65 (min 390.70, max 602.59)

546.84 (min 431.87, max 661.81)

519.64 (min 428.40, max 610.87)

bw_mem-cp-4mb (MB/s)

544.49 (min 430.76, max 658.22)

608.11 (min 470.37, max 745.85)

515.34 (min 399.36, max 631.31)

bw_mem-cp-8mb (MB/s)

567.80 (min 441.99, max 693.60)

625.42 (min 467.75, max 783.09)

523.71 (min 414.36, max 633.06)

bw_mem-fcp-16mb (MB/s)

690.19

745.23

780.22

bw_mem-fcp-1mb (MB/s)

1288.88 (min 808.15, max 1769.60)

1313.64 (min 889.36, max 1737.92)

1272.18 (min 820.21, max 1724.14)

bw_mem-fcp-2mb (MB/s)

1237.12 (min 707.46, max 1766.78)

1300.12 (min 865.93, max 1734.30)

1254.45 (min 782.98, max 1725.92)

bw_mem-fcp-4mb (MB/s)

1285.12 (min 801.36, max 1768.87)

1293.95 (min 849.53, max 1738.37)

1237.36 (min 749.34, max 1725.38)

bw_mem-fcp-8mb (MB/s)

1300.21 (min 805.48, max 1794.93)

1339.86 (min 918.38, max 1761.34)

1280.03 (min 807.59, max 1752.46)

bw_mem-frd-16mb (MB/s)

1089.92

1125.02

1069.73

bw_mem-frd-1mb (MB/s)

1004.73 (min 808.15, max 1201.30)

1070.80 (min 889.36, max 1252.24)

1030.90 (min 820.21, max 1241.58)

bw_mem-frd-2mb (MB/s)

874.84 (min 707.46, max 1042.21)

963.66 (min 865.93, max 1061.38)

931.45 (min 782.98, max 1079.91)

bw_mem-frd-4mb (MB/s)

939.98 (min 801.36, max 1078.60)

985.93 (min 849.53, max 1122.33)

930.85 (min 749.34, max 1112.35)

bw_mem-frd-8mb (MB/s)

944.67 (min 805.48, max 1083.86)

1021.86 (min 918.38, max 1125.33)

958.43 (min 807.59, max 1109.26)

bw_mem-fwr-16mb (MB/s)

692.25

817.66

634.12

bw_mem-fwr-1mb (MB/s)

929.06 (min 656.81, max 1201.30)

999.05 (min 745.85, max 1252.24)

955.52 (min 669.46, max 1241.58)

bw_mem-fwr-2mb (MB/s)

822.40 (min 602.59, max 1042.21)

861.60 (min 661.81, max 1061.38)

845.39 (min 610.87, max 1079.91)

bw_mem-fwr-4mb (MB/s)

868.41 (min 658.22, max 1078.60)

934.09 (min 745.85, max 1122.33)

871.83 (min 631.31, max 1112.35)

bw_mem-fwr-8mb (MB/s)

888.73 (min 693.60, max 1083.86)

954.21 (min 783.09, max 1125.33)

871.16 (min 633.06, max 1109.26)

bw_mem-rd-16mb (MB/s)

1099.66

1142.53

1107.34

bw_mem-rd-1mb (MB/s)

914.01 (min 603.59, max 1224.42)

985.93 (min 702.12, max 1269.73)

950.51 (min 608.55, max 1292.47)

bw_mem-rd-2mb (MB/s)

795.24 (min 504.10, max 1086.37)

885.09 (min 625.68, max 1144.49)

832.95 (min 546.08, max 1119.82)

bw_mem-rd-4mb (MB/s)

851.53 (min 613.87, max 1089.18)

921.44 (min 710.86, max 1132.02)

838.70 (min 564.73, max 1112.66)

bw_mem-rd-8mb (MB/s)

878.38 (min 673.63, max 1083.13)

957.35 (min 788.88, max 1125.81)

849.72 (min 581.02, max 1118.41)

bw_mem-rdwr-16mb (MB/s)

728.03

755.32

592.97

bw_mem-rdwr-1mb (MB/s)

484.49 (min 392.77, max 576.20)

535.11 (min 437.70, max 632.51)

506.72 (min 413.91, max 599.52)

bw_mem-rdwr-2mb (MB/s)

446.42 (min 390.70, max 502.13)

525.10 (min 431.87, max 618.33)

479.17 (min 428.40, max 529.94)

bw_mem-rdwr-4mb (MB/s)

512.43 (min 430.76, max 594.09)

583.38 (min 470.37, max 696.38)

477.42 (min 399.36, max 555.48)

bw_mem-rdwr-8mb (MB/s)

559.04 (min 441.99, max 676.08)

637.31 (min 467.75, max 806.86)

498.73 (min 414.36, max 583.09)

bw_mem-wr-16mb (MB/s)

733.81

833.77

592.83

bw_mem-wr-1mb (MB/s)

589.90 (min 576.20, max 603.59)

667.32 (min 632.51, max 702.12)

604.04 (min 599.52, max 608.55)

bw_mem-wr-2mb (MB/s)

503.12 (min 502.13, max 504.10)

622.01 (min 618.33, max 625.68)

538.01 (min 529.94, max 546.08)

bw_mem-wr-4mb (MB/s)

603.98 (min 594.09, max 613.87)

703.62 (min 696.38, max 710.86)

560.11 (min 555.48, max 564.73)

bw_mem-wr-8mb (MB/s)

674.86 (min 673.63, max 676.08)

797.87 (min 788.88, max 806.86)

582.06 (min 581.02, max 583.09)

bw_mmap_rd-mo-1mb (MB/s)

1222.28

1257.86

1260.13

bw_mmap_rd-o2c-1mb (MB/s)

439.43

470.81

446.83

bw_pipe (MB/s)

444.93

491.71

538.24

bw_unix (MB/s)

590.14

636.97

756.44

lat_connect (us)

62.19

55.53

55.75

lat_ctx-2-128k (us)

5.00

4.74

4.86

lat_ctx-2-256k (us)

4.83

4.49

4.58

lat_ctx-4-128k (us)

6.29

4.83

4.44

lat_ctx-4-256k (us)

5.25

4.85

3.44

lat_fs-0k (num_files)

255.00

245.00

245.00

lat_fs-10k (num_files)

91.00

103.00

114.00

lat_fs-1k (num_files)

157.00

150.00

179.00

lat_fs-4k (num_files)

146.00

141.00

147.00

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz1000k (ns)

54.51

52.23

52.68

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz125k (ns)

6.22

5.54

5.59

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz250k (ns)

6.53

5.83

5.85

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz31k (ns)

2.42

2.17

3.64

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz50 (ns)

2.40

2.15

2.15

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz500k (ns)

16.00

14.50

15.05

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz62k (ns)

5.06

5.21

5.22

lat_mmap-1m (us)

71.00

51.00

66.00

lat_ops-double-add (ns)

3.20

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-double-div (ns)

17.63

15.73

15.74

lat_ops-double-mul (ns)

3.21

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-float-add (ns)

3.21

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-float-div (ns)

10.42

9.30

9.30

lat_ops-float-mul (ns)

3.21

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-int-add (ns)

0.80

0.72

0.72

lat_ops-int-bit (ns)

0.53

0.48

0.48

lat_ops-int-div (ns)

4.81

4.29

4.29

lat_ops-int-mod (ns)

5.07

4.53

4.53

lat_ops-int-mul (ns)

3.44

3.07

3.07

lat_ops-int64-add (ns)

0.80

0.72

0.72

lat_ops-int64-bit (ns)

0.53

0.48

0.48

lat_ops-int64-div (ns)

7.61

6.79

6.80

lat_ops-int64-mod (ns)

5.88

5.25

5.25

lat_ops-int64-mul (ns)

4.09

3.71

3.65

lat_pagefault (us)

1.81

1.66

1.67

lat_pipe (us)

21.91

19.71

19.75

lat_proc-exec (us)

1081.40

1009.40

1065.60

lat_proc-fork (us)

849.86

795.43

792.00

lat_proc-proccall (us)

0.01

0.01

0.01

lat_select (us)

37.42

33.73

33.41

lat_sem (us)

1.70

1.95

1.78

lat_sig-catch (us)

6.10

5.40

5.41

lat_sig-install (us)

0.73

0.67

0.67

lat_sig-prot (us)

0.46

0.45

0.42

lat_syscall-fstat (us)

3.01

2.68

2.71

lat_syscall-null (us)

0.52

0.46

0.46

lat_syscall-open (us)

193.30

163.47

167.13

lat_syscall-read (us)

0.84

0.75

0.75

lat_syscall-stat (us)

4.30

3.83

3.83

lat_syscall-write (us)

0.75

0.67

0.67

lat_tcp (us)

1.01

0.91

0.91

lat_unix (us)

25.35

22.15

24.22

latency_for_0.50_mb_block_size (nanosec)

16.00

14.50

15.05

latency_for_1.00_mb_block_size (nanosec)

27.26 (min 0.00, max 54.51)

26.11 (min 0.00, max 52.23)

26.34 (min 0.00, max 52.68)

pipe_bandwidth (MBs)

444.93

491.71

538.24

pipe_latency (microsec)

21.91

19.71

19.75

procedure_call (microsec)

0.01

0.01

0.01

select_on_200_tcp_fds (microsec)

37.42

33.73

33.41

semaphore_latency (microsec)

1.70

1.95

1.78

signal_handler_latency (microsec)

0.73

0.67

0.67

signal_handler_overhead (microsec)

6.10

5.40

5.41

tcp_ip_connection_cost_to_localhost (microsec)

62.19

55.53

55.75

tcp_latency_using_localhost (microsec)

1.01

0.91

0.91

2.4.2.1.2. Dhrystone

Dhrystone is a core only benchmark that runs from warm L1 caches in all modern processors. It scales linearly with clock speed. For standard ARM cores the DMIPS/MHz score will be identical with the same compiler and flags.

Execute the benchmark with the following:

runDhrystone
Table 2.2 Dhrystone Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

cpu_clock (MHz)

1250.00

1400.00

1400.00

dhrystone_per_mhz (DMIPS/MHz)

2.90

3.00

3.00

dhrystone_per_second (DhrystoneP)

6451613.00

7407407.50

7407407.50

2.4.2.1.3. Whetstone

Whetstone is a benchmark primarily measuring floating-point arithmetic performance.

Execute the benchmark with the following:

runWhetstone
Table 2.3 Whetstone Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

whetstone (MIPS)

5000.00

10000.00

10000.00

2.4.2.1.4. Linpack

Linpack measures peak double precision (64 bit) floating point performance in solving a dense linear system.

Table 2.4 Linpack Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

linpack (Kflops)

514126.00

579026.00

578928.00

2.4.2.1.5. NBench

NBench which stands for Native Benchmark is used to measure macro benchmarks for commonly used operations such as sorting and analysis algorithms. More information about NBench at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBench and https://nbench.io/articles/index.html

Table 2.5 NBench Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

assignment (Iterations)

12.38

13.94

13.91

fourier (Iterations)

20213.00

22640.00

22633.00

fp_emulation (Iterations)

82.44

92.34

92.34

huffman (Iterations)

1044.10

1169.50

1169.50

idea (Iterations)

3075.80

3445.00

3444.80

lu_decomposition (Iterations)

476.45

536.79

534.30

neural_net (Iterations)

7.83

8.77

8.77

numeric_sort (Iterations)

534.46

598.40

595.47

string_sort (Iterations)

138.69

155.34

155.33

2.4.2.1.6. Stream

STREAM is a microbenchmark for measuring data memory system performance without any data reuse. It is designed to miss on caches and exercise data prefetcher and speculative accesses. It uses double precision floating point (64bit) but in most modern processors the memory access will be the bottleneck. The four individual scores are copy, scale as in multiply by constant, add two numbers, and triad for multiply accumulate. For bandwidth, a byte read counts as one and a byte written counts as one, resulting in a score that is double the bandwidth LMBench will show.

Execute the benchmark with the following:

stream_c
Table 2.6 Stream Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

add (MB/s)

1460.50

1444.40

1736.40

copy (MB/s)

1546.60

1642.50

1890.90

scale (MB/s)

1668.90

1837.40

1914.10

triad (MB/s)

1430.60

1487.10

1698.80

2.4.2.1.7. CoreMarkPro

CoreMark®-Pro is a comprehensive, advanced processor benchmark that works with and enhances the market-proven industry-standard EEMBC CoreMark® benchmark. While CoreMark stresses the CPU pipeline, CoreMark-Pro tests the entire processor, adding comprehensive support for multicore technology, a combination of integer and floating-point workloads, and data sets for utilizing larger memory subsystems.

Table 2.7 CoreMarkPro Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

cjpeg-rose7-preset (workloads/)

37.31

42.02

42.02

core (workloads/)

0.27

0.30

0.30

coremark-pro ()

811.35

902.24

888.68

linear_alg-mid-100x100-sp (workloads/)

13.09

14.69

14.69

loops-all-mid-10k-sp (workloads/)

0.60

0.67

0.67

nnet_test (workloads/)

0.97

1.09

1.09

parser-125k (workloads/)

7.41

8.20

8.26

radix2-big-64k (workloads/)

55.49

60.22

52.59

sha-test (workloads/)

72.46

80.65

80.00

zip-test (workloads/)

18.87

20.83

20.83

Table 2.8 CoreMarkProTwoCore Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

cjpeg-rose7-preset (workloads/)

74.07

83.33

84.03

core (workloads/)

0.54

0.60

0.60

coremark-pro ()

1345.72

1477.45

1572.24

linear_alg-mid-100x100-sp (workloads/)

26.21

29.36

29.36

loops-all-mid-10k-sp (workloads/)

1.03

1.16

1.24

nnet_test (workloads/)

1.94

2.17

2.18

parser-125k (workloads/)

10.47

11.76

13.25

radix2-big-64k (workloads/)

37.94

37.18

48.60

sha-test (workloads/)

142.86

158.73

161.29

zip-test (workloads/)

34.48

37.04

40.00

2.4.2.1.8. MultiBench

MultiBench™ is a suite of benchmarks that allows processor and system designers to analyze, test, and improve multicore processors. It uses three forms of concurrency: Data decomposition: multiple threads cooperating on achieving a unified goal and demonstrating a processor’s support for fine grain parallelism. Processing multiple data streams: uses common code running over multiple threads and demonstrating how well a processor scales over scalable data inputs. Multiple workload processing: shows the scalability of general-purpose processing, demonstrating concurrency over both code and data. MultiBench combines a wide variety of application-specific workloads with the EEMBC Multi-Instance-Test Harness (MITH), compatible and portable with most any multicore processors and operating systems. MITH uses a thread-based API (POSIX-compliant) to establish a common programming model that communicates with the benchmark through an abstraction layer and provides a flexible interface to allow a wide variety of thread-enabled workloads to be tested.

Table 2.9 Multibench Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

4m-check (workloads/)

285.16

307.47

303.10

4m-check-reassembly (workloads/)

62.38

66.53

64.14

4m-check-reassembly-tcp (workloads/)

40.26

42.81

42.09

4m-check-reassembly-tcp-cmykw2-rotatew2 (workloads/)

22.67

24.21

24.34

4m-check-reassembly-tcp-x264w2 (workloads/)

1.63

1.79

1.79

4m-cmykw2 (workloads/)

188.15

199.60

200.60

4m-cmykw2-rotatew2 (workloads/)

36.59

39.40

38.78

4m-reassembly (workloads/)

50.81

53.42

51.76

4m-rotatew2 (workloads/)

41.79

44.98

46.21

4m-tcp-mixed (workloads/)

94.67

102.56

102.56

4m-x264w2 (workloads/)

1.70

1.87

1.86

empty-wld (workloads/)

1.00

1.00

1.00

idct-4m (workloads/)

16.82

18.59

18.52

idct-4mw1 (workloads/)

16.82

18.59

18.58

ippktcheck-4m (workloads/)

285.39

306.41

303.84

ippktcheck-4mw1 (workloads/)

285.42

306.26

302.77

ipres-4m (workloads/)

62.09

63.64

63.75

ipres-4mw1 (workloads/)

60.90

64.82

63.53

md5-4m (workloads/)

23.99

26.21

26.08

md5-4mw1 (workloads/)

23.92

26.02

25.89

rgbcmyk-4m (workloads/)

57.47

63.84

63.59

rgbcmyk-4mw1 (workloads/)

57.13

63.67

63.53

rotate-4ms1 (workloads/)

17.16

18.42

18.45

rotate-4ms1w1 (workloads/)

17.18

18.42

18.40

rotate-4ms64 (workloads/)

17.40

18.57

18.66

rotate-4ms64w1 (workloads/)

17.39

18.46

18.59

x264-4mq (workloads/)

0.50

0.56

0.56

x264-4mqw1 (workloads/)

0.50

0.56

0.56


2.4.2.2. Boot-time Measurement

2.4.2.2.1. Boot media: MMCSD

Table 2.10 Boot time MMCSD

Boot Configuration

am62xx_sk-fs: boot time (sec)

Kernel boot time test when bootloader, kernel and sdk-rootfs are in mmc-sd

15.77 (min 15.31, max 16.17)

Kernel boot time test when init is /bin/sh and bootloader, kernel and sdk-rootfs are in mmc-sd

3.50 (min 3.47, max 3.52)


2.4.2.3. ALSA SoC Audio Driver

  1. Access type - RW_INTERLEAVED

  2. Channels - 2

  3. Format - S16_LE

  4. Period size - 64

Table 2.11 Audio Capture

Sampling Rate (Hz)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Throughput (bits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load (%)

am62xx_sk-fs: Throughput (bits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load (%)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Throughput (bits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load (%)

8000

255998.00

0.16

255997.00

0.20

255999.00

0.30

11025

352797.00

0.18

352797.00

0.15

352798.00

0.14

16000

511996.00

0.13

511996.00

0.43

511998.00

0.81

22050

705595.00

0.30

705595.00

0.28

705598.00

0.25

24000

705594.00

0.30

705594.00

0.26

705596.00

0.24

32000

1023989.00

0.71

1023990.00

0.17

1023992.00

0.74

44100

1411185.00

0.47

1411186.00

0.41

1411190.00

0.38

48000

1535982.00

0.23

1535985.00

0.21

1535990.00

0.20

88200

2822366.00

0.94

2822365.00

0.86

2822380.00

0.78

96000

3071964.00

2.17

3071967.00

0.32

3071977.00

0.30


2.4.2.4. Graphics SGX/RGX Driver

2.4.2.4.1. Glmark2

Run Glmark2 and capture performance reported (Score). All display outputs (HDMI, Displayport and/or LCD) are connected when running these tests

Benchmark

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Score

am62xx_sk-fs: Score

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Score

Glmark2-DRM

35.00

40.00

38.00

Glmark2-Wayland

201.00

219.00

213.00

Glmark2-Wayland 1920x1080

62.00

219.00


2.4.2.5. Ethernet

Ethernet performance benchmarks were measured using Netperf 2.7.1 https://hewlettpackard.github.io/netperf/doc/netperf.html Test procedures were modeled after those defined in RFC-2544: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2544, where the DUT is the TI device and the “tester” used was a Linux PC. To produce consistent results, it is recommended to carry out performance tests in a private network and to avoid running NFS on the same interface used in the test. In these results, CPU utilization was captured as the total percentage used across all cores on the device, while running the performance test over one external interface.

UDP Throughput (0% loss) was measured by the procedure defined in RFC-2544 section 26.1: Throughput. In this scenario, netperf options burst_size (-b) and wait_time (-w) are used to limit bandwidth during different trials of the test, with the goal of finding the highest rate at which no loss is seen. For example, to limit bandwidth to 500Mbits/sec with 1472B datagram:

burst_size = <bandwidth (bits/sec)> / 8 (bits -> bytes) / <UDP datagram size> / 100 (seconds -> 10 ms)
burst_size = 500000000 / 8 / 1472 / 100 = 425

wait_time = 10 milliseconds (minimum supported by Linux PC used for testing)

UDP Throughput (possible loss) was measured by capturing throughput and packet loss statistics when running the netperf test with no bandwidth limit (remove -b/-w options).

In order to start a netperf client on one device, the other device must have netserver running. To start netserver:

netserver [-p <port_number>] [-4 (IPv4 addressing)] [-6 (IPv6 addressing)]

Running the following shell script from the DUT will trigger netperf clients to measure bidirectional TCP performance for 60 seconds and report CPU utilization. Parameter -k is used in client commands to summarize selected statistics on their own line and -j is used to gain additional timing measurements during the test.

#!/bin/bash
for i in 1
do
   netperf -H <tester ip> -j -c -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM --
      -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE &

   netperf -H <tester ip> -j -c -l 60 -t TCP_MAERTS --
      -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE &
done

Running the following commands will trigger netperf clients to measure UDP burst performance for 60 seconds at various burst/datagram sizes and report CPU utilization.

  • For UDP egress tests, run netperf client from DUT and start netserver on tester.

netperf -H <tester ip> -j -c -l 60 -t UDP_STREAM -b <burst_size> -w <wait_time> -- -m <UDP datagram size>
   -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE
  • For UDP ingress tests, run netperf client from tester and start netserver on DUT.

netperf -H <DUT ip> -j -C -l 60 -t UDP_STREAM -b <burst_size> -w <wait_time> -- -m <UDP datagram size>
   -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE

2.4.2.5.1. CPSW/CPSW2g/CPSW3g Ethernet Driver

  • CPSW3g: AM62x

TCP Bidirectional Throughput

Table 2.12 CPSW2g TCP Bidirectional Throughput

Command Used

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM; netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_MAERTS

1779.49

66.66

1801.91

64.51

1799.86

64.65

TCP Bidirectional Throughput Interrupt Pacing

Table 2.13 CPSW2g TCP Bidirectional Throughput Interrupt Pacing

Command Used

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM; netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_MAERTS

1669.02

52.26

1526.73

44.96

1502.65

40.60

UDP Throughput

Table 2.14 CPSW2g UDP Egress Throughput 0 loss

Frame Size(bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

64

18.00

16.22

113.00

40.06

18.00

18.25

127.00

39.96

18.00

20.11

140.00

42.05

128

82.00

73.19

112.00

39.85

82.00

80.72

123.00

39.95

82.00

89.22

136.00

41.41

256

210.00

188.81

112.00

39.89

210.00

210.45

125.00

40.29

210.00

214.83

128.00

40.52

1024

978.00

874.21

112.00

40.01

978.00

935.21

120.00

45.98

978.00

935.15

120.00

42.09

1518

1472.00

890.71

76.00

34.33

1472.00

955.28

81.00

33.99

1472.00

955.93

81.00

33.28

Table 2.15 CPSW2g UDP Ingress Throughput 0 loss

Frame Size(bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

64

18.00

6.42

45.00

26.15

18.00

1.71

12.00

12.76

18.00

7.57

53.00

28.32

128

82.00

53.13

81.00

32.83

82.00

9.71

15.00

20.60

82.00

4.33

7.00

8.40

256

210.00

239.00

142.00

40.46

210.00

28.22

17.00

22.47

210.00

30.58

18.00

18.20

1024

978.00

936.50

120.00

42.40

978.00

936.61

120.00

42.47

978.00

936.74

120.00

42.69

1518

1472.00

951.32

81.00

41.59

1472.00

941.84

80.00

39.63

1472.00

957.11

81.00

40.05

Table 2.16 CPSW2g UDP Ingress Throughput possible loss

Frame Size(bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packet Loss %

am62xx_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packet Loss %

am62xxsip_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packet Loss %

64

18.00

25.40

176.00

38.75

61.81

18.00

27.33

190.00

38.86

50.27

18.00

30.40

211.00

38.98

75.61

128

82.00

94.83

145.00

38.33

0.01

82.00

124.40

190.00

41.01

52.39

82.00

137.60

210.00

40.71

72.13

256

210.00

262.95

157.00

41.45

5.79

210.00

312.68

186.00

41.82

52.80

210.00

339.55

202.00

42.15

36.26

1024

978.00

936.50

120.00

42.40

0.00

978.00

936.61

120.00

42.47

0.00

978.00

936.25

120.00

42.41

0.04

1518

1472.00

951.32

81.00

41.59

0.00

1472.00

954.00

81.00

40.10

0.02

1472.00

956.90

81.00

39.99

0.02


2.4.2.6. UBoot QSPI/OSPI Driver

2.4.2.6.1. AM62XX-SK

Table 2.17 UBOOT QSPI or OSPI

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

400000

383.09

195047.62

800000

384.08

240941.18

1000000

386.04

268590.16

2000000

382.39

284939.13


2.4.2.7. EMMC Driver

Warning

IMPORTANT: The performance numbers can be severely affected if the media is mounted in sync mode. Hot plug scripts in the filesystem mount removable media in sync mode to ensure data integrity. For performance sensitive applications, umount the auto-mounted filesystem and re-mount in async mode.

2.4.2.7.1. AM62XX-SK

Table 2.18 EMMC EXT4 FIO 1G

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

59.70

1.26

175.00

1.55

4m

59.90

1.04

175.00

1.28

4k

51.50

18.42

55.80

17.37

256k

59.60

1.66

174.00

2.11

Table 2.19 EMMC EXT4 FIO 1G

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

61.40

1.50

175.00

1.84

4m

61.40

1.13

175.00

1.69

4k

51.70

20.23

56.80

19.24

256k

61.60

1.79

174.00

2.59

Table 2.20 EMMC EXT4 FIO 1G

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

91.70

1.76

172.00

1.56

4m

97.70

1.54

172.00

1.53

4k

63.80

23.68

91.00

25.57

256k

91.50

1.92

171.00

2.06


2.4.2.8. UBoot EMMC Driver

2.4.2.8.1. AM62XX-SK

Table 2.21 UBOOT EMMC RAW

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

2000000

56790.29

169782.38

4000000

57437.34

173375.66

Table 2.22 UBOOT EMMC RAW

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

2000000

61134.33

171560.21

4000000

61768.14

173835.54

Table 2.23 UBOOT EMMC RAW

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

2000000

99296.97

172463.16

4000000

97523.81

175229.95


2.4.2.9. MMC/SD Driver

Warning

IMPORTANT: The performance numbers can be severely affected if the media is mounted in sync mode. Hot plug scripts in the filesystem mount removable media in sync mode to ensure data integrity. For performance sensitive applications, umount the auto-mounted filesystem and re-mount in async mode.

2.4.2.9.1. AM62XX-SK

Table 2.24 MMC EXT4 FIO 1G

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

20.00

0.73

85.60

1.04

4m

19.90

0.51

85.50

0.84

4k

7.10

2.98

21.60

6.86

256k

19.80

0.81

82.90

1.39

Table 2.25 MMC EXT4 FIO 1G

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

13.40

0.68

90.70

1.35

4m

15.80

0.56

90.90

1.08

4k

5.29

2.86

15.50

5.79

256k

13.30

0.72

88.00

1.48

Table 2.26 MMC EXT4 FIO 1G

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

18.60

0.64

87.30

1.02

4m

18.50

0.63

83.90

1.05

4k

4.88

2.15

16.80

5.39

256k

17.70

0.76

85.40

1.14

The performance numbers were captured using the following:

  • SanDisk 8GB MicroSDHC Class 10 Memory Card

  • Partition was mounted with async option


2.4.2.10. UBoot MMC/SD Driver

2.4.2.10.1. AM62XX-SK

Table 2.27 UBOOT MMCSD FAT

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

400000

38280.37

62060.61

800000

33573.77

74472.73

1000000

49349.40

82747.47


2.4.2.11. CRYPTO Driver

2.4.2.11.1. OpenSSL Performance

Table 2.28 OpenSSL Performance

Algorithm

Buffer Size (in bytes)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: throughput (KBytes/Sec)

aes-128-cbc

1024

27663.70

aes-128-cbc

16

538.77

aes-128-cbc

16384

136964.78

aes-128-cbc

256

8214.44

aes-128-cbc

64

2144.13

aes-128-cbc

8192

106700.80

aes-128-ecb

1024

28235.78

aes-128-ecb

16

547.69

aes-128-ecb

16384

141989.21

aes-128-ecb

256

8426.50

aes-128-ecb

64

2193.66

aes-128-ecb

8192

110455.47

aes-192-cbc

1024

27530.58

aes-192-cbc

16

536.29

aes-192-cbc

16384

129264.30

aes-192-cbc

256

8147.37

aes-192-cbc

64

2133.99

aes-192-cbc

8192

101856.60

aes-192-ecb

1024

28363.43

aes-192-ecb

16

551.74

aes-192-ecb

16384

133393.07

aes-192-ecb

256

8342.02

aes-192-ecb

64

2199.23

aes-192-ecb

8192

105299.97

aes-256-cbc

1024

27312.13

aes-256-cbc

16

534.94

aes-256-cbc

16384

119821.65

aes-256-cbc

256

8049.07

aes-256-cbc

64

2132.80

aes-256-cbc

8192

96236.89

aes-256-ecb

1024

27939.84

aes-256-ecb

16

553.75

aes-256-ecb

16384

124436.48

aes-256-ecb

256

8252.84

aes-256-ecb

64

2191.64

aes-256-ecb

8192

100291.93

sha256

1024

35595.26

sha256

16

595.92

sha256

16384

279445.50

sha256

256

9329.49

sha256

64

2350.44

sha256

8192

190690.65

sha512

1024

25202.69

sha512

16

580.97

sha512

16384

68736.34

sha512

256

8311.81

sha512

64

2326.34

sha512

8192

61530.11

Table 2.29 OpenSSL CPU Load

Algorithm

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load

aes-128-cbc

36.00

aes-128-ecb

38.00

aes-192-cbc

36.00

aes-192-ecb

37.00

aes-256-cbc

36.00

aes-256-ecb

36.00

sha256

98.00

sha512

98.00

Listed for each algorithm are the code snippets used to run each

benchmark test.

time -v openssl speed -elapsed -evp aes-128-cbc

2.4.2.11.2. IPSec Software Performance

Table 2.30 IPSec Software Performance

Algorithm

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Throughput (Mbps)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets/Sec

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load

am62xx_sk-fs: Throughput (Mbps)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets/Sec

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Throughput (Mbps)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets/Sec

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load

3des

61.60

5.00

25.12

69.10

6.00

25.12

71.70

6.00

25.13

aes128

239.40

21.00

46.47

274.00

24.00

47.12

318.20

28.00

47.70

aes192

242.80

21.00

46.55

276.40

24.00

47.04

321.10

28.00

47.64

aes256

331.70

29.00

48.03

2.4.2.12. Low Power Performance

Table: Deep sleep

Rail name

Rail voltage(V)

am62xx_sk-fs

vdd_core

0.85

9.82

vddr_core

0.85

n/a

soc_dvdd_3v3

3.30

6.33

soc_dvdd_1v8

1.80

4.00

vdda_1v8

1.80

1.80

vdd_lpddr4/vdd_ddr4

1.10

8.60

Total

30.55

Table: MCU only

Rail name

Rail voltage(V)

am62xx_sk-fs

vdd_core

0.85

107.97

vddr_core

0.85

n/a

soc_dvdd_3v3

3.30

5.02

soc_dvdd_1v8

1.80

4.80

vdda_1v8

1.80

10.80

vdd_lpddr4/vdd_ddr4

1.10

8.06

Total

136.66

Partial I/O Data - All voltage rails were measured to be near 0V

Further optimizations are possible for these low power modes. Please refer to the AM62x Power Consumption App Note (https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/spradg1)