2.4.2. Linux 09.02.00 Performance Guide

Read This First

All performance numbers provided in this document are gathered using following Evaluation Modules unless otherwise specified.

Name

Description

AM62x SK

AM62x Starter Kit rev E2 and E3 with ARM running at 1.4GHz, DDR data rate 1600 MT/S

AM62x LP SK

AM62x LP Starter Kit rev E1 with ARM running at 1.25GHz, LPDDR4 data rate 1600 MT/S

AM62SIP SK

AM62SIP Starter Kit rev E1 with ARM running at 1.4GHz, 512MB LPDDR4 data rate 1600 MT/S

Table: Evaluation Modules

About This Manual

This document provides performance data for each of the device drivers which are part of the Processor SDK Linux package. This document should be used in conjunction with release notes and user guides provided with the Processor SDK Linux package for information on specific issues present with drivers included in a particular release.

If You Need Assistance

For further information or to report any problems, contact http://e2e.ti.com/ or http://support.ti.com/

2.4.2.1. System Benchmarks

2.4.2.1.1. LMBench

LMBench is a collection of microbenchmarks of which the memory bandwidth and latency related ones are typically used to estimate processor memory system performance. More information about lmbench at http://lmbench.sourceforge.net/whatis_lmbench.html and http://lmbench.sourceforge.net/man/lmbench.8.html

Latency: lat_mem_rd-stride128-szN, where N is equal to or smaller than the cache size at given level measures the cache miss penalty. N that is at least double the size of last level cache is the latency to external memory.

Bandwidth: bw_mem_bcopy-N, where N is equal to or smaller than the cache size at a given level measures the achievable memory bandwidth from software doing a memcpy() type operation. Typical use is for external memory bandwidth calculation. The bandwidth is calculated as byte read and written counts as 1 which should be roughly half of STREAM copy result.

Execute the LMBench with the following:

cd /opt/ltp
./runltp -P j721e-idk-gw -f ddt/lmbench -s LMBENCH_L_PERF_0001

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

af_unix_sock_stream_latency (microsec)

24.64

22.49

21.85

af_unix_socket_stream_bandwidth (MBs)

569.66

633.94

752.71

bw_file_rd-io-1mb (MB/s)

780.64

861.77

881.68

bw_file_rd-o2c-1mb (MB/s)

465.91

500.92

517.15

bw_mem-bcopy-16mb (MB/s)

668.84

766.72

749.24

bw_mem-bcopy-1mb (MB/s)

719.55

821.15

773.51

bw_mem-bcopy-2mb (MB/s)

672.83

814.77

745.43

bw_mem-bcopy-4mb (MB/s)

694.57

788.57

724.38

bw_mem-bcopy-8mb (MB/s)

709.16

815.16

742.25

bw_mem-bzero-16mb (MB/s)

1686.70

1759.79

1742.54

bw_mem-bzero-1mb (MB/s)

1192.83 (min 719.55, max 1666.11)

1278.78 (min 821.15, max 1736.41)

1249.65 (min 773.51, max 1725.79)

bw_mem-bzero-2mb (MB/s)

1169.33 (min 672.83, max 1665.83)

1275.14 (min 814.77, max 1735.51)

1235.38 (min 745.43, max 1725.33)

bw_mem-bzero-4mb (MB/s)

1181.08 (min 694.57, max 1667.59)

1262.97 (min 788.57, max 1737.37)

1225.75 (min 724.38, max 1727.12)

bw_mem-bzero-8mb (MB/s)

1201.68 (min 709.16, max 1694.20)

1284.10 (min 815.16, max 1753.04)

1243.44 (min 742.25, max 1744.63)

bw_mem-cp-16mb (MB/s)

385.75

452.35

433.87

bw_mem-cp-1mb (MB/s)

492.33 (min 370.03, max 614.63)

590.83 (min 437.38, max 744.27)

532.15 (min 396.41, max 667.89)

bw_mem-cp-2mb (MB/s)

468.34 (min 369.55, max 567.13)

550.49 (min 425.08, max 675.90)

527.83 (min 435.40, max 620.25)

bw_mem-cp-4mb (MB/s)

486.58 (min 396.20, max 576.95)

601.70 (min 463.88, max 739.51)

518.59 (min 404.16, max 633.01)

bw_mem-cp-8mb (MB/s)

536.42 (min 422.05, max 650.78)

642.91 (min 476.76, max 809.06)

526.14 (min 415.89, max 636.39)

bw_mem-fcp-16mb (MB/s)

663.57

752.52

779.69

bw_mem-fcp-1mb (MB/s)

1207.80 (min 749.48, max 1666.11)

1299.47 (min 862.52, max 1736.41)

1272.26 (min 818.73, max 1725.79)

bw_mem-fcp-2mb (MB/s)

1205.22 (min 744.60, max 1665.83)

1291.37 (min 847.22, max 1735.51)

1262.40 (min 799.47, max 1725.33)

bw_mem-fcp-4mb (MB/s)

1212.59 (min 757.58, max 1667.59)

1313.73 (min 890.08, max 1737.37)

1238.80 (min 750.47, max 1727.12)

bw_mem-fcp-8mb (MB/s)

1226.36 (min 758.51, max 1694.20)

1341.75 (min 930.45, max 1753.04)

1273.04 (min 801.44, max 1744.63)

bw_mem-frd-16mb (MB/s)

1031.33

1136.53

1072.17

bw_mem-frd-1mb (MB/s)

949.68 (min 749.48, max 1149.87)

1050.51 (min 862.52, max 1238.50)

1035.15 (min 818.73, max 1251.56)

bw_mem-frd-2mb (MB/s)

882.68 (min 744.60, max 1020.76)

974.88 (min 847.22, max 1102.54)

958.08 (min 799.47, max 1116.69)

bw_mem-frd-4mb (MB/s)

880.30 (min 757.58, max 1003.01)

997.91 (min 890.08, max 1105.74)

921.83 (min 750.47, max 1093.19)

bw_mem-frd-8mb (MB/s)

894.32 (min 758.51, max 1030.13)

1029.80 (min 930.45, max 1129.15)

954.43 (min 801.44, max 1107.42)

bw_mem-fwr-16mb (MB/s)

671.99

811.28

642.85

bw_mem-fwr-1mb (MB/s)

882.25 (min 614.63, max 1149.87)

991.39 (min 744.27, max 1238.50)

959.73 (min 667.89, max 1251.56)

bw_mem-fwr-2mb (MB/s)

793.95 (min 567.13, max 1020.76)

889.22 (min 675.90, max 1102.54)

868.47 (min 620.25, max 1116.69)

bw_mem-fwr-4mb (MB/s)

789.98 (min 576.95, max 1003.01)

922.63 (min 739.51, max 1105.74)

863.10 (min 633.01, max 1093.19)

bw_mem-fwr-8mb (MB/s)

840.46 (min 650.78, max 1030.13)

969.11 (min 809.06, max 1129.15)

871.91 (min 636.39, max 1107.42)

bw_mem-rd-16mb (MB/s)

1032.52

1137.33

1121.94

bw_mem-rd-1mb (MB/s)

867.72 (min 545.36, max 1190.07)

985.74 (min 689.18, max 1282.29)

938.54 (min 605.05, max 1272.03)

bw_mem-rd-2mb (MB/s)

757.25 (min 486.56, max 1027.93)

890.89 (min 650.72, max 1131.06)

834.60 (min 545.18, max 1124.02)

bw_mem-rd-4mb (MB/s)

796.49 (min 567.21, max 1025.77)

915.68 (min 699.18, max 1132.18)

842.91 (min 570.37, max 1115.45)

bw_mem-rd-8mb (MB/s)

806.37 (min 591.15, max 1021.58)

962.05 (min 789.66, max 1134.43)

848.45 (min 579.88, max 1117.01)

bw_mem-rdwr-16mb (MB/s)

679.06

790.59

589.80

bw_mem-rdwr-1mb (MB/s)

456.46 (min 370.03, max 542.89)

551.64 (min 437.38, max 665.89)

489.71 (min 396.41, max 583.01)

bw_mem-rdwr-2mb (MB/s)

424.64 (min 369.55, max 479.73)

518.54 (min 425.08, max 612.00)

484.37 (min 435.40, max 533.33)

bw_mem-rdwr-4mb (MB/s)

478.14 (min 396.20, max 560.07)

580.19 (min 463.88, max 696.50)

482.63 (min 404.16, max 561.09)

bw_mem-rdwr-8mb (MB/s)

530.26 (min 422.05, max 638.47)

622.41 (min 476.76, max 768.05)

496.99 (min 415.89, max 578.08)

bw_mem-wr-16mb (MB/s)

702.99

855.43

595.46

bw_mem-wr-1mb (MB/s)

544.13 (min 542.89, max 545.36)

677.54 (min 665.89, max 689.18)

594.03 (min 583.01, max 605.05)

bw_mem-wr-2mb (MB/s)

483.15 (min 479.73, max 486.56)

631.36 (min 612.00, max 650.72)

539.26 (min 533.33, max 545.18)

bw_mem-wr-4mb (MB/s)

563.64 (min 560.07, max 567.21)

697.84 (min 696.50, max 699.18)

565.73 (min 561.09, max 570.37)

bw_mem-wr-8mb (MB/s)

614.81 (min 591.15, max 638.47)

778.86 (min 768.05, max 789.66)

578.98 (min 578.08, max 579.88)

bw_mmap_rd-mo-1mb (MB/s)

1152.26

1279.01

1274.81

bw_mmap_rd-o2c-1mb (MB/s)

405.79

467.58

449.71

bw_pipe (MB/s)

425.97

482.09

539.14

bw_unix (MB/s)

569.66

633.94

752.71

lat_connect (us)

62.42

56.26

54.37

lat_ctx-2-128k (us)

5.79

4.99

4.80

lat_ctx-2-256k (us)

4.96

3.56

4.54

lat_ctx-4-128k (us)

5.03

4.45

4.29

lat_ctx-4-256k (us)

5.60

5.50

4.51

lat_fs-0k (num_files)

213.00

267.00

242.00

lat_fs-10k (num_files)

106.00

114.00

112.00

lat_fs-1k (num_files)

172.00

161.00

181.00

lat_fs-4k (num_files)

160.00

167.00

175.00

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz1000k (ns)

57.66

52.37

52.67

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz125k (ns)

6.22

5.56

5.54

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz250k (ns)

6.54

5.83

5.84

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz31k (ns)

4.08

4.19

2.16

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz50 (ns)

2.40

2.15

2.15

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz500k (ns)

20.28

16.17

14.51

lat_mem_rd-stride128-sz62k (ns)

5.85

5.23

5.26

lat_mmap-1m (us)

57.00

63.00

50.00

lat_ops-double-add (ns)

3.20

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-double-div (ns)

17.63

15.73

15.73

lat_ops-double-mul (ns)

3.21

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-float-add (ns)

3.20

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-float-div (ns)

10.41

9.29

9.30

lat_ops-float-mul (ns)

3.21

2.86

2.86

lat_ops-int-add (ns)

0.80

0.72

0.72

lat_ops-int-bit (ns)

0.53

0.48

0.48

lat_ops-int-div (ns)

4.81

4.29

4.29

lat_ops-int-mod (ns)

5.07

4.53

4.53

lat_ops-int-mul (ns)

3.44

3.07

3.07

lat_ops-int64-add (ns)

0.80

0.72

0.72

lat_ops-int64-bit (ns)

0.53

0.48

0.48

lat_ops-int64-div (ns)

7.61

6.79

6.79

lat_ops-int64-mod (ns)

5.87

5.24

5.25

lat_ops-int64-mul (ns)

3.98

3.55

3.55

lat_pagefault (us)

1.82

1.67

1.63

lat_pipe (us)

21.71

19.40

19.43

lat_proc-exec (us)

1129.20

1027.50

1024.00

lat_proc-fork (us)

876.00

763.00

843.00

lat_proc-proccall (us)

0.01

0.01

0.01

lat_select (us)

37.39

33.39

33.37

lat_sem (us)

1.61

1.64

1.19

lat_sig-catch (us)

5.92

5.32

5.31

lat_sig-install (us)

0.73

0.64

0.66

lat_sig-prot (us)

0.57

0.50

0.49

lat_syscall-fstat (us)

3.08

2.72

2.71

lat_syscall-null (us)

0.52

0.46

0.46

lat_syscall-open (us)

194.33

168.39

164.81

lat_syscall-read (us)

0.86

0.77

0.77

lat_syscall-stat (us)

4.40

3.86

3.90

lat_syscall-write (us)

0.72

0.64

0.64

lat_tcp (us)

1.05

0.93

0.94

lat_unix (us)

24.64

22.49

21.85

latency_for_0.50_mb_block_size (nanosec)

20.28

16.17

14.51

latency_for_1.00_mb_block_size (nanosec)

28.83 (min 0.00, max 57.66)

26.18 (min 0.00, max 52.37)

26.34 (min 0.00, max 52.67)

pipe_bandwidth (MBs)

425.97

482.09

539.14

pipe_latency (microsec)

21.71

19.40

19.43

procedure_call (microsec)

0.01

0.01

0.01

select_on_200_tcp_fds (microsec)

37.39

33.39

33.37

semaphore_latency (microsec)

1.61

1.64

1.19

signal_handler_latency (microsec)

0.73

0.64

0.66

signal_handler_overhead (microsec)

5.92

5.32

5.31

tcp_ip_connection_cost_to_localhost (microsec)

62.42

56.26

54.37

tcp_latency_using_localhost (microsec)

1.05

0.93

0.94

2.4.2.1.2. Dhrystone

Dhrystone is a core only benchmark that runs from warm L1 caches in all modern processors. It scales linearly with clock speed. For standard ARM cores the DMIPS/MHz score will be identical with the same compiler and flags.

Execute the benchmark with the following:

runDhrystone

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

cpu_clock (MHz)

1250.00

1400.00

1400.00

dhrystone_per_mhz (DMIPS/MHz)

2.90

3.00

3.00

dhrystone_per_second (DhrystoneP)

6451613.00

7407407.50

7407407.50

2.4.2.1.3. Whetstone

Whetstone is a benchmark primarily measuring floating-point arithmetic performance.

Execute the benchmark with the following:

runWhetstone

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

whetstone (MIPS)

5000.00

10000.00

5000.00

2.4.2.1.4. Linpack

Linpack measures peak double precision (64 bit) floating point performance in solving a dense linear system.

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

linpack (Kflops)

516446.00

574713.00

579906.00

2.4.2.1.5. NBench

NBench which stands for Native Benchmark is used to measure macro benchmarks for commonly used operations such as sorting and analysis algorithms. More information about NBench at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBench and https://nbench.io/articles/index.html

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

assignment (Iterations)

12.38

13.90

13.93

fourier (Iterations)

20211.00

22639.00

22640.00

fp_emulation (Iterations)

82.42

92.34

92.34

huffman (Iterations)

1044.00

1169.00

1169.40

idea (Iterations)

3075.50

3444.90

3444.90

lu_decomposition (Iterations)

475.71

533.67

535.06

neural_net (Iterations)

7.87

8.82

8.82

numeric_sort (Iterations)

533.57

595.13

588.49

string_sort (Iterations)

147.27

164.94

164.96

2.4.2.1.6. Stream

STREAM is a microbenchmark for measuring data memory system performance without any data reuse. It is designed to miss on caches and exercise data prefetcher and speculative accesses. It uses double precision floating point (64bit) but in most modern processors the memory access will be the bottleneck. The four individual scores are copy, scale as in multiply by constant, add two numbers, and triad for multiply accumulate. For bandwidth, a byte read counts as one and a byte written counts as one, resulting in a score that is double the bandwidth LMBench will show.

Execute the benchmark with the following:

stream_c

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

add (MB/s)

1374.40

1450.20

1728.10

copy (MB/s)

1450.80

1653.90

1862.40

scale (MB/s)

1555.90

1830.00

1902.50

triad (MB/s)

1351.10

1481.90

1693.50

2.4.2.1.7. CoreMarkPro

CoreMark®-Pro is a comprehensive, advanced processor benchmark that works with and enhances the market-proven industry-standard EEMBC CoreMark® benchmark. While CoreMark stresses the CPU pipeline, CoreMark-Pro tests the entire processor, adding comprehensive support for multicore technology, a combination of integer and floating-point workloads, and data sets for utilizing larger memory subsystems.

Table: CoreMarkPro Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

cjpeg-rose7-preset (workloads/)

37.31

41.84

42.02

core (workloads/)

0.27

0.30

0.30

coremark-pro ()

804.80

900.93

928.54

linear_alg-mid-100x100-sp (workloads/)

13.11

14.71

14.69

loops-all-mid-10k-sp (workloads/)

0.59

0.67

0.70

nnet_test (workloads/)

0.97

1.09

1.09

parser-125k (workloads/)

7.41

8.13

8.55

radix2-big-64k (workloads/)

52.76

60.13

68.05

sha-test (workloads/)

71.94

80.65

81.30

zip-test (workloads/)

18.87

20.83

21.74

Table: CoreMarkProTwoCore Benchmarks

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

cjpeg-rose7-preset (workloads/)

74.07

82.64

84.03

core (workloads/)

0.54

0.60

0.60

coremark-pro ()

1309.74

1485.99

1534.09

linear_alg-mid-100x100-sp (workloads/)

26.19

29.34

29.39

loops-all-mid-10k-sp (workloads/)

1.03

1.16

1.24

nnet_test (workloads/)

1.94

2.17

2.17

parser-125k (workloads/)

9.52

11.56

11.70

radix2-big-64k (workloads/)

32.72

38.10

44.28

sha-test (workloads/)

142.86

161.29

161.29

zip-test (workloads/)

34.48

38.46

40.00

2.4.2.1.8. MultiBench

MultiBench™ is a suite of benchmarks that allows processor and system designers to analyze, test, and improve multicore processors. It uses three forms of concurrency: Data decomposition: multiple threads cooperating on achieving a unified goal and demonstrating a processor’s support for fine grain parallelism. Processing multiple data streams: uses common code running over multiple threads and demonstrating how well a processor scales over scalable data inputs. Multiple workload processing: shows the scalability of general-purpose processing, demonstrating concurrency over both code and data. MultiBench combines a wide variety of application-specific workloads with the EEMBC Multi-Instance-Test Harness (MITH), compatible and portable with most any multicore processors and operating systems. MITH uses a thread-based API (POSIX-compliant) to establish a common programming model that communicates with the benchmark through an abstraction layer and provides a flexible interface to allow a wide variety of thread-enabled workloads to be tested.

Benchmarks

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: perf

am62xx_sk-fs: perf

am62xxsip_sk-fs: perf

4m-check (workloads/)

272.36

306.67

363.16

4m-check-reassembly (workloads/)

58.38

66.23

79.05

4m-check-reassembly-tcp (workloads/)

38.46

42.81

50.00

4m-check-reassembly-tcp-cmykw2-rotatew2 (workloads/)

21.65

24.04

29.13

4m-check-reassembly-tcp-x264w2 (workloads/)

1.61

1.80

1.87

4m-cmykw2 (workloads/)

179.37

200.60

236.13

4m-cmykw2-rotatew2 (workloads/)

34.92

39.47

46.44

4m-reassembly (workloads/)

46.75

53.28

62.34

4m-rotatew2 (workloads/)

39.79

44.86

53.56

4m-tcp-mixed (workloads/)

91.95

103.23

114.29

4m-x264w2 (workloads/)

1.67

1.88

1.95

empty-wld (workloads/)

1.00

1.00

idct-4m (workloads/)

16.76

18.59

19.11

idct-4mw1 (workloads/)

16.76

18.60

19.11

ippktcheck-4m (workloads/)

273.08

305.96

362.63

ippktcheck-4mw1 (workloads/)

272.36

307.50

362.74

ipres-4m (workloads/)

57.54

63.24

76.88

ipres-4mw1 (workloads/)

57.54

63.29

77.08

md5-4m (workloads/)

23.28

26.23

27.82

md5-4mw1 (workloads/)

23.74

26.22

27.84

rgbcmyk-4m (workloads/)

56.50

64.08

65.02

rgbcmyk-4mw1 (workloads/)

56.75

64.04

64.91

rotate-4ms1 (workloads/)

16.47

18.95

21.82

rotate-4ms1w1 (workloads/)

16.44

18.23

21.88

rotate-4ms64 (workloads/)

16.63

18.40

21.96

rotate-4ms64w1 (workloads/)

16.95

18.42

22.02

x264-4mq (workloads/)

0.50

0.56

0.57

x264-4mqw1 (workloads/)

0.50

0.56

0.57


2.4.2.2. Boot-time Measurement

2.4.2.2.1. Boot media: MMCSD

Boot Configuration

am62xx_sk-fs: boot time (sec)

Kernel boot time test when bootloader, kernel and sdk-rootfs are in mmc-sd

18.06 (min 17.90, max 18.15)

Kernel boot time test when init is /bin/sh and bootloader, kernel and sdk-rootfs are in mmc-sd

3.45 (min 3.42, max 3.47)


2.4.2.3. ALSA SoC Audio Driver

  1. Access type - RW_INTERLEAVED

  2. Channels - 2

  3. Format - S16_LE

  4. Period size - 64

Sampling Rate (Hz)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Throughput (bits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load (%)

am62xx_sk-fs: Throughput (bits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load (%)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Throughput (bits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load (%)

8000

255998.00

0.11

256000.00

0.11

255998.00

0.22

11025

352797.00

0.17

352799.00

0.18

352798.00

0.17

16000

511997.00

0.59

512000.00

0.13

511997.00

0.13

22050

705596.00

0.29

705601.00

0.29

705596.00

0.28

24000

705594.00

0.30

705599.00

0.28

705596.00

0.28

32000

1023990.00

0.18

1023997.00

0.17

1023993.00

0.19

44100

1411187.00

0.45

1411197.00

0.47

1411190.00

0.42

48000

1535987.00

0.20

1535997.00

0.21

1535989.00

0.21

88200

2822372.00

0.95

2822392.00

0.83

2822377.00

0.79

96000

3071969.00

2.63

3071989.00

0.42

3071974.00

0.38


2.4.2.4. Graphics SGX/RGX Driver

2.4.2.4.1. Glmark2

Run Glmark2 and capture performance reported (Score). All display outputs (HDMI, Displayport and/or LCD) are connected when running these tests

Benchmark

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Score

am62xx_sk-fs: Score

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Score

Glmark2-DRM

35.00

40.00

38.00

Glmark2-Wayland

201.00

219.00

213.00

Glmark2-Wayland 1920x1080

62.00

219.00


2.4.2.5. Ethernet

Ethernet performance benchmarks were measured using Netperf 2.7.1 https://hewlettpackard.github.io/netperf/doc/netperf.html Test procedures were modeled after those defined in RFC-2544: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2544, where the DUT is the TI device and the “tester” used was a Linux PC. To produce consistent results, it is recommended to carry out performance tests in a private network and to avoid running NFS on the same interface used in the test. In these results, CPU utilization was captured as the total percentage used across all cores on the device, while running the performance test over one external interface.

UDP Throughput (0% loss) was measured by the procedure defined in RFC-2544 section 26.1: Throughput. In this scenario, netperf options burst_size (-b) and wait_time (-w) are used to limit bandwidth during different trials of the test, with the goal of finding the highest rate at which no loss is seen. For example, to limit bandwidth to 500Mbits/sec with 1472B datagram:

burst_size = <bandwidth (bits/sec)> / 8 (bits -> bytes) / <UDP datagram size> / 100 (seconds -> 10 ms)
burst_size = 500000000 / 8 / 1472 / 100 = 425

wait_time = 10 milliseconds (minimum supported by Linux PC used for testing)

UDP Throughput (possible loss) was measured by capturing throughput and packet loss statistics when running the netperf test with no bandwidth limit (remove -b/-w options).

In order to start a netperf client on one device, the other device must have netserver running. To start netserver:

netserver [-p <port_number>] [-4 (IPv4 addressing)] [-6 (IPv6 addressing)]

Running the following shell script from the DUT will trigger netperf clients to measure bidirectional TCP performance for 60 seconds and report CPU utilization. Parameter -k is used in client commands to summarize selected statistics on their own line and -j is used to gain additional timing measurements during the test.

#!/bin/bash
for i in 1
do
   netperf -H <tester ip> -j -c -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM --
      -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE &

   netperf -H <tester ip> -j -c -l 60 -t TCP_MAERTS --
      -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE &
done

Running the following commands will trigger netperf clients to measure UDP burst performance for 60 seconds at various burst/datagram sizes and report CPU utilization.

  • For UDP egress tests, run netperf client from DUT and start netserver on tester.

netperf -H <tester ip> -j -c -l 60 -t UDP_STREAM -b <burst_size> -w <wait_time> -- -m <UDP datagram size>
   -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE
  • For UDP ingress tests, run netperf client from tester and start netserver on DUT.

netperf -H <DUT ip> -j -C -l 60 -t UDP_STREAM -b <burst_size> -w <wait_time> -- -m <UDP datagram size>
   -k DIRECTION,THROUGHPUT,MEAN_LATENCY,LOCAL_CPU_UTIL,REMOTE_CPU_UTIL,LOCAL_BYTES_SENT,REMOTE_BYTES_RECVD,LOCAL_SEND_SIZE

2.4.2.5.1. CPSW/CPSW2g/CPSW3g Ethernet Driver

  • CPSW3g: AM62x

TCP Bidirectional Throughput

Command Used

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM; netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_MAERTS

1778.41

66.34

1778.47

64.23

1830.66

64.38

TCP Bidirectional Throughput Interrupt Pacing

Command Used

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_STREAM; netperf -H 192.168.0.1 -j -c -C -l 60 -t TCP_MAERTS

1669.02

52.26

1442.31

43.05

1403.67

41.42

UDP Throughput

Table: CPSW2g UDP Egress Throughput 0 loss

Frame Size(bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

64

18.00

16.96

118.00

40.50

18.00

18.25

127.00

39.96

18.00

19.33

134.00

41.03

128

82.00

72.11

110.00

39.15

82.00

80.35

122.00

39.50

82.00

85.86

131.00

40.46

256

210.00

186.71

111.00

39.68

210.00

206.59

123.00

39.59

210.00

201.91

120.00

39.37

1024

978.00

847.62

108.00

39.26

978.00

934.04

119.00

45.48

978.00

934.84

119.00

43.37

1518

1472.00

955.66

81.00

38.92

1472.00

955.09

81.00

34.42

1472.00

955.84

81.00

36.69

Table: CPSW2g UDP Ingress Throughput 0 loss

Frame Size(bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

64

18.00

6.42

45.00

26.15

18.00

1.71

12.00

10.98

18.00

5.64

39.00

20.43

128

82.00

53.13

81.00

32.83

82.00

7.74

12.00

13.71

82.00

4.26

6.00

7.23

256

210.00

124.32

74.00

33.91

210.00

21.50

13.00

14.96

210.00

89.88

54.00

32.91

1024

978.00

482.73

62.00

29.08

978.00

932.64

119.00

42.34

978.00

935.75

120.00

41.89

1518

1472.00

951.32

81.00

41.59

1472.00

955.58

81.00

40.11

1472.00

910.69

77.00

39.46

Table: CPSW2g UDP Ingress Throughput possible loss

Frame Size(bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packet Loss %

am62xx_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xx_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packet Loss %

am62xxsip_sk-fs: UDP Datagram Size(bytes) (LOCAL_SEND_SIZE)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: THROUGHPUT (Mbits/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets Per Second (kPPS)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load % (LOCAL_CPU_UTIL)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packet Loss %

64

18.00

25.40

176.00

38.75

61.81

18.00

27.35

190.00

38.81

47.47

18.00

29.74

207.00

38.40

74.76

128

82.00

94.83

145.00

38.33

0.01

82.00

124.24

189.00

40.35

50.55

82.00

135.88

207.00

40.03

72.34

256

210.00

243.14

145.00

40.28

0.97

210.00

305.90

182.00

41.25

48.43

210.00

333.03

198.00

40.89

37.88

1024

978.00

936.27

120.00

41.60

0.01

978.00

918.11

117.00

41.92

0.05

978.00

923.81

118.00

41.54

0.01

1518

1472.00

951.32

81.00

41.59

0.00

1472.00

947.27

80.00

39.56

0.02

1472.00

891.28

76.00

38.53

0.01


2.4.2.6. UBoot QSPI/OSPI Driver

2.4.2.6.1. AM62XX-SK

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

400000

387.81

195047.62

800000

388.85

240941.18

1000000

392.83

268590.16

2000000

396.01

287438.60


2.4.2.7. EMMC Driver

Warning

IMPORTANT: The performance numbers can be severely affected if the media is mounted in sync mode. Hot plug scripts in the filesystem mount removable media in sync mode to ensure data integrity. For performance sensitive applications, umount the auto-mounted filesystem and re-mount in async mode.

2.4.2.7.1. AM62XX-SK

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

59.70

1.26

175.00

1.55

4m

59.90

1.04

175.00

1.28

4k

51.50

18.42

55.80

17.37

256k

59.60

1.66

174.00

2.11

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

57.50

1.32

175.00

2.04

4m

57.80

1.15

175.00

1.60

4k

51.50

19.91

56.60

19.32

256k

57.60

1.93

174.00

2.54

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

90.30

2.12

172.00

1.84

4m

96.70

2.02

172.00

1.86

4k

63.10

24.14

90.80

26.07

256k

90.90

2.29

171.00

2.27


2.4.2.8. UBoot EMMC Driver

2.4.2.8.1. AM62XX-SK

Table: UBOOT EMMC RAW

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

2000000

57186.74

169782.38

4000000

57387.04

173375.66

Table: UBOOT EMMC RAW

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

2000000

58202.49

168907.22

4000000

58566.58

172918.21

Table: UBOOT EMMC RAW

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

2000000

97523.81

143091.70

4000000

97234.42

175229.95


2.4.2.9. MMC/SD Driver

Warning

IMPORTANT: The performance numbers can be severely affected if the media is mounted in sync mode. Hot plug scripts in the filesystem mount removable media in sync mode to ensure data integrity. For performance sensitive applications, umount the auto-mounted filesystem and re-mount in async mode.

2.4.2.9.1. AM62XX-SK

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

20.00

0.70

85.70

0.87

4m

20.10

0.58

85.70

0.84

4k

5.79

2.50

22.10

6.83

256k

19.90

0.82

83.00

1.34

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

13.40

0.68

90.70

1.35

4m

15.80

0.56

90.90

1.08

4k

5.29

2.86

15.50

5.79

256k

13.30

0.72

88.00

1.48

Buffer size (bytes)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write EXT4 CPU Load (%)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 Throughput (Mbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read EXT4 CPU Load (%)

1m

43.00

1.05

87.60

0.96

4m

42.60

0.85

87.50

1.02

4k

3.55

1.65

16.50

4.98

256k

39.80

1.00

85.50

1.09

The performance numbers were captured using the following:

  • SanDisk 8GB MicroSDHC Class 10 Memory Card

  • Partition was mounted with async option


2.4.2.10. UBoot MMC/SD Driver

2.4.2.10.1. AM62XX-SK

Table: UBOOT MMCSD FAT

File size (bytes in hex)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Write Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Read Throughput (Kbytes/sec)

400000

40156.86

63015.38

800000

46022.47

74472.73

1000000

48761.90

82747.47


2.4.2.11. CRYPTO Driver

2.4.2.11.1. OpenSSL Performance

Table: OpenSSL Performance

Algorithm

Buffer Size (in bytes)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: throughput (KBytes/Sec)

aes-128-cbc

1024

24669.18

aes-128-cbc

16

475.82

aes-128-cbc

16384

130607.79

aes-128-cbc

256

7160.66

aes-128-cbc

64

1875.20

aes-128-cbc

8192

98429.61

aes-128-ecb

1024

24693.08

aes-128-ecb

16

487.43

aes-128-ecb

16384

131082.92

aes-128-ecb

256

7465.90

aes-128-ecb

64

1949.82

aes-128-ecb

8192

98689.02

aes-192-cbc

1024

24658.94

aes-192-cbc

16

476.10

aes-192-cbc

16384

120285.87

aes-192-cbc

256

7100.25

aes-192-cbc

64

1869.53

aes-192-cbc

8192

97984.51

aes-192-ecb

1024

24676.69

aes-192-ecb

16

494.55

aes-192-ecb

16384

126582.78

aes-192-ecb

256

7417.60

aes-192-ecb

64

1963.95

aes-192-ecb

8192

98254.85

aes-256-cbc

1024

24656.90

aes-256-cbc

16

472.99

aes-256-cbc

16384

112405.16

aes-256-cbc

256

7022.76

aes-256-cbc

64

1854.44

aes-256-cbc

8192

90963.97

aes-256-ecb

1024

24686.25

aes-256-ecb

16

494.91

aes-256-ecb

16384

117882.88

aes-256-ecb

256

7353.34

aes-256-ecb

64

1968.19

aes-256-ecb

8192

98066.43

sha256

1024

32369.32

sha256

16

551.01

sha256

16384

262886.74

sha256

256

8377.86

sha256

64

2138.65

sha256

8192

185161.05

sha512

1024

24544.60

sha512

16

535.81

sha512

16384

68053.67

sha512

256

7481.17

sha512

64

2151.08

sha512

8192

60377.77

Table: OpenSSL CPU Load

Algorithm

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load

aes-128-cbc

37.00

aes-128-ecb

38.00

aes-192-cbc

36.00

aes-192-ecb

37.00

aes-256-cbc

36.00

aes-256-ecb

36.00

sha256

98.00

sha512

98.00

Listed for each algorithm are the code snippets used to run each benchmark test.

time -v openssl speed -elapsed -evp aes-128-cbc

2.4.2.11.2. IPSec Software Performance

Algorithm

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Throughput (Mbps)

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: Packets/Sec

am62xx_lp_sk-fs: CPU Load

am62xx_sk-fs: Throughput (Mbps)

am62xx_sk-fs: Packets/Sec

am62xx_sk-fs: CPU Load

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Throughput (Mbps)

am62xxsip_sk-fs: Packets/Sec

am62xxsip_sk-fs: CPU Load

3des

62.60

5.00

25.12

70.20

6.00

25.08

70.10

6.00

25.14

aes128

240.30

21.00

46.55

267.40

23.00

46.90

270.00

24.00

46.98

aes192

240.60

21.00

46.60

276.90

24.00

47.30

274.50

24.00

47.19

aes256

274.00

24.00

47.04

2.4.2.12. Low Power Performance

Table: Deep sleep

Rail name

Rail voltage(V)

am62xx_sk-fs

vdd_core

0.85

9.82

vddr_core

0.85

n/a

soc_dvdd_3v3

3.30

6.33

soc_dvdd_1v8

1.80

4.00

vdda_1v8

1.80

1.80

vdd_lpddr4/vdd_ddr4

1.10

8.60

Total

30.55

Table: MCU only

Rail name

Rail voltage(V)

am62xx_sk-fs

vdd_core

0.85

107.97

vddr_core

0.85

n/a

soc_dvdd_3v3

3.30

5.02

soc_dvdd_1v8

1.80

4.80

vdda_1v8

1.80

10.80

vdd_lpddr4/vdd_ddr4

1.10

8.06

Total

136.66

Partial I/O Data - All voltage rails were measured to be near 0V

Further optimizations are possible for these low power modes. Please refer to the AM62x Power Consumption App Note (https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/spradg1)